Chapter 13: LOVEFifty Heart-Icon Wing Inverted Y-Fuselage Tricopter

1. LOVEFifty winged tricopter is to immortalize the 50 people who were killed by a terrorist attack on Al-Noor Mosque in Christchurch, New Zealand during the Friday prayer a week before this publication. The tragedy however has been successfully managed to promote love and peace.

On March 15, 2019 an armed terrorist has shot the people who were praying their weekly Friday prayer at Al-Noor Mosque in Christchurch, New Zealand. The attack has killed 50 people. However, the tragedy was successfully managed with a global collective effort which has resulted in the promotion of love and peace instead of hate and vengeance as planned by the terrorists. LOVEFifty is to immortalize the sacrificing of those 50 people. It is a conceptual design of heart-icon wing inverted Y-fuselage tricopter.

2. The bottom surface of LOVEFifty's wing is colored with "heart" dark blood-red.

To further enhance the heart icon, the bottom surface of the wing and the fuselages which are below the wing are colored with the "heart color", which is dark blood-red. The top surface of the wing however is covered with solar cells and hence is in "solar-cell" blue. These solar cells are to power LOVEFifty's on-board payloads. 

LOVEFifty is inverted Y-fuselage tricopter. It has 3 fuselages fused at a point to produce a "Y" structure with the single fuselage toward the rear. The fuselages are to house the engines installed horizontally or tangential to the plane of the ducted fans. Inverted Y-fuselage however is only suitable for low velocity aircrafts, such as LOVEFifty.

3. The top surface of LOVEFifty's wing is covered by solar cells.

The 3 ducted fans provide both lift and thrust to LOVEFifty. They are powered by 4 electric engines. Each of the twin front ducted fans are powered by an engine. Their propellers are counter-rotating, meaning each fan rotates its propellers in the opposite direction of each other for torque cancellation. The single rear ducted fan which has smaller diameter than that of the twin front ones, have contra-rotating 2 sets of propellers, also for torque cancellation. Each propeller set is powered by an engine, meaning this rear fan is powered by 2 engines. All the engines are computer-synchronize resulting in an optimum net flight behavior.

All the 3 engines are connected to each other by shafts, to enable power distribution and sharing in case any one of the engines fails, meaning all the 3 ducted fans will continue rotating their propellers (with lower RPM) although one engine fails. This is the most significant safety feature of LOVEFifty.

4. Bottom view of LOVEFifty: The 4 engines and the shafts that pass through them are made visible.

LOVEFifty can be flown piloted or unmanned. For piloted long endurance flight, its cabin only accommodates a single pilot seat to ensure maximum comfort to the pilot. For piloted short period flight, its cabin can accommodate a side-by-side seat for a passenger besides a pilot. When in the autonomous mode, the cabin houses a primary payload consisting of high power and high resolution video cameras and environmental and atmospheric probes and sensors. Secondary payloads can be carried inside the cones of the 3 fuselages.

5. Side view of LOVEFifty: The front right engine is made visible in the middle diagram & the pilot is made visible in the bottom diagram.

6. Front view of LOVEFifty.

Muslims believe that those 50 people killed by the terrorists were so much loved by God because they were shot at when they perform their Friday prayer, while the mosque and Friday are the holiest place and day respectively. This is why this heart-icon inverted Y-fuselage tricopter concept is called, LOVEFifty.

Chapter 12: Eagle Y-Fuselage Luxury Jet

Chapter 14: WhyCLT1 4-Passenger Y-Fuselage Light CLT Aeroplane

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Chapter 12: Eagle Y-Fuselage Luxury Jet

1. Size comparison between Eagle & Bombardier Global 8000.

Eagle is the most frequently used animal to represent the coat of arms of royal families and countries because of its majestic status among the animals. That is the reason this Y-fuselage aircraft concept is called, "Eagle" too - to signify its majesty as a luxury jet. In term of size, Eagle has the wingspan and length that are almost the same as that of Bombardier Global 8000 large executive jet.

2. Top view of Eagle: Notice the signature arch tail fin and the centerline turbofan.

The wing root of Eagle's main wing is attached to the lower part of its rear twin fuselages, with a canard attached to its front fuselage. It has a signature "arch tail fin" and powered by a single centerline turbofan.

The turbofan is housed inside a nacelle well at the rear of the cabin so as avoid engine's noise to be heard inside the cabin. Being outside and rear of the cabin and also between the rear-end of the twin rear fuselages is a very secured position for the engine and safe for early ignition because the engine is fully concealed from the boarding passengers.

3. Side view of Eagle: Notice the arch tail fin.

Viewed from the side, Eagle's turbofan is not visible, concealed by the twin rear fuselages. The cones of these fuselages are actually the cones of the propellers of twin electric secondary power units (SPUs). The SPUs are purposely activated for economic mode flight or automatically activated when the single turbofan fails. Thefore the SPUs not only reduce the operational cost of Eagle, but also significantly increase the operational safety of the luxury aircraft.

4. Front view of Eagle: Notice the arch tail fin.

Viewed from the front, the signature arch tail fin is very visible. The tail fin not only stabilizes Eagle when in flight, but also assists in providing lift to the rear fuselages due to its unique design.

5. Bottom view of Eagle: Notice the centerline intake of the turbofan.

The intake for the turbofan is at the bottom, but at the same level with the bottom surface. This optimizes the aerodynamics compared to having an inlet protruding below the bottom surface.

6. Eagle with comfortable seating configuration for 90 passengers and 5 crews. The turbofan and twin APUs are made visible.

Eagle can carry up to 100 passengers, but a 90-seat passenger configuration will be a very comfortable one. In such configuration, the aircraft also accommodate 4 toilets for passengers and one for the pilots. Each SPU has a propeller with foldable blades and telescopic shaft.

7. Eagle in a luxury configuration with 2 bedrooms and a meeting room for 19 passengers - a suitable configuration for a royal family or VVIP delegation. The turbofan and twin SPUs are made visible.

The clear advantage of Y-fuselage is the wide fuselage that allows compartmental interior, including bedrooms. A possible luxury interior is to have 2 bedrooms each directly at the front of each SPU. Each bedroom has a queen size bed and a lobby with a secretary workstation. This luxurious interior is only possible with Y-fuselage aircraft. A conventional fuselage aircraft is not capable of it.

Such interior can accommodate 19 passengers, each with a proper aircraft safety seat and a meeting room for 10 people. The safety seats are for the passengers to sit when the aircraft fly through turbulence as each seat is equipped with all the safety features including seat belt, life jacket and safety kit. There are even 2 safety seats inside each bedroom.

Y-fuselage aircraft will promote aircraft interior design. It will provide great opportunity for interior architects to contribute their creativity into aircraft design and engineering for the production of better, more comfortable and safer aircrafts. This will be a significant increment in human factor engineering in aviation.

8. The automatic activation of the SPUs starts with the extension of their telescopic propeller shafts.

When the turbofan fails, automatically the SPUs activate. This activation starts with the extension of the telescopic propeller shafts of each SPU.

9. The blades unfold tangentially to the shafts  after the shafts are fully extended.

After the shafts are fully extended, the blades unfold tangentially to the shafts. This is possible because the extension of the shafts has cleared the blades to be unfolded.

10. The blades are retracted inward and the propellers rotate to produce the thrust required to compensate the lost thrust due to the failed turbofan.

After the blades are fully unfolded tangential to the shafts, the shafts are retracted inward to bring the blades closer to the fuselage to exterminate the drag that might has occurred if the blades remain at a distance. The propellers then rotate to produce the thrust required to compensate the lost thrust due to the failed turbofan. Both propellers rotate at opposite direction for torque cancellation.

The SPUs can also be purposely activated for economic flight mode. However, Eagle can only take off or landing using the turbofan because when fully unfold, the diameter of the blades of the SPU propellers is too big to allow clearance from the runway.  

The concept of electric SPU with foldable blades and telescopic shaft opens up a new operational methodology for aircrafts equipped with such power unit. An interesting methodology is to use electric SPU for nearspace flight and turbofan for lower altitude flight, as electric propulsion is more effective than turbofan at nearspace altitudes. A concept of nearspace RF (reconnaissance-fighter) aircraft powered by a turbofan and twin electric SPU is described in a following chapter.

Another advantage of Y-fuselage aircrafts is they can carry a big logo on top or at the bottom of their fuselages, as they have relatively very wide fuselages. At the time of writing this chapter, my family is waiting for a German high school student who is coming to stay with us for a week on an Italian-German exchange student program, which our son participates. And since the German Coat of Arms is properly an eagle, I colored the following Eagle with the German national color and pasted the German Black Eagle on its fuselages.

11. Illustration of Eagle in German national color with German Coat of Arms.

DISCLAMER

1. The illustration of Bombardier Global 8000 in figure 1 is from a public website.

2. The illustration of German Coat of Arms in figure 11 is from a public website.

Chapter 11: Matrix Telescopic H-Fuselage Quadcopter

Chapter 13: LOVEFifty Heart-Icon Wing Inverted Y-Fuselage Tricopter

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Chapter 11: Matrix Telescopic H-Fuselage Quadcopter

1. Illustration of Matrix increasing the length of its parallel and tangential fuselages.

An advantage of electric propulsion is that the rating of its power (kW) can be changed significantly without changing the hardware, but by just changing the batteries (voltage) only. This is very unlike turboprop or turbofan engines, where their power (thrust) cannot be changed significant by just changing the fuel, unless the physical components of the engines are changed.

This flexibility of electric propulsion gave rise to a conceptual design of an aircraft where the size of the aircraft can be increased significantly without changing the propulsion as the rating of the propulsion can be increased too by only changing its batteries. The most suitable fuselage design for such concept is H-fuselage, where there are 2 parallel fuselages that are physically connected with each other by a tangential fuselage. If all the 3 fuselages are telescopic, not only the length of the parallel fuselages can be increased, but so does the length of the tangential fuselage, and therefore, the separation of the fuselages.

"Matrix" is a telescopic H-fuselage quadcopter that can increase the length of its parallel fuselages and tangential fuselages respectively by telescopic mechanism. The aircraft have 3 size modes, S (small), M (medium) and L (large). The concept is called "Matrix" because it carries the meaning of a transformation from a smaller entity to a bigger and more complex entity.

2. Top view of Matrix: The S (small) mode.

In the S mode, there is no extension in the length of the parallel or tangential fuselages. In the M mode, there is the extension in length of the parallel fuselage via telescopic mechanism. This extension of the parallel fuselages increases 20% of the internal total volume of Matrix. 

3. Top view of Matrix: The M (medium) mode.

In the L mode, the length of the tangential fuselage is telescopically increased. The increment adds another 10% of the internal volume of Matrix, totaling the increase in 30% of its internal volume when Matrix evolves from S mode to L mode, which is very significant. 

4. Top view of Matrix: The L (large) mode.

The advantage of being in L mode is obvious, that is Matrix can carry more payloads. However, there are advantages of being in the S mode too, which is being more aerodynamic (due to smaller cross section frontal area) and more convenient for storage (due to smaller size), which both translate into being more economic.

5. Side view of Matrix: Matrix in S mode (Top) & M/L mode (bottom). Notice the front propellers are not at the same level and overlapping each other.

6. Front view of Matrix: Matrix in S mode (Top) & M/L mode (bottom). Notice the front propellers are not at the same level and overlapping each other.

Matrix is powered by 4 electric engines. There are 2 bigger engines installed vertically inside both the parallel fuselages behind the front row seats, each powering a bigger diameter 4 bladed propeller, and the are another 2 smaller engines at both rear-end of the parallel fuselages, each powering a smaller diameter 4 bladed ducted fan. The 2 front propellers are not at the same level and overlapping each other to increase the lift force by increasing the diameter. They are contra-rotating for torque cancellation. The propellers inside the 2 ducted fans are also contra-rotating to produce a zero value net torque for maximum flight stability.

7. Side view of Matrix: Notice the power-sliding doors (top) & the vertically installed front engines (bottom). Visible also are the seats and the cross section wall of the tangential fuselage, where a 2nd row of seats can be installed along the fuselage.

8. Economic long-seat such as in this photo can be fitted along the tangential fuselage.

Matrix rear doors for the passengers are power-sliding doors with door-size glass window. The passengers sit on individual seats or economic long-seat fitted along the tangential fuselage facing forward and viewing through very generous aerodynamic windows, which allow not only forward, but also downward view. In conventional fuselage aircrafts, such long-seat can only be fitted in such a way that will not allow the passengers to sit facing and viewing forward. Not only the passengers have generous view, they also have generous leg room in the tangential fuselage, as the concept for the passengers is "comfort & maximum visibility". As there are 2 parallel fuselages, and only 1 is for the pilot and co-pilot, there will also be 2 side-by-side seats with pilot-view for passengers in the other parallel fuselage.  

9. The tangential fuselage of Matrix houses generous forward-view passenger seats with generous windows & leg room.

Both H-fuselage and telescopic fuselage are DNAs for my other H-fuselage and telescopic concepts respectively. 

DISCLAIMER

Figure 8 is from a public website.

Chapter 10: No 335 CLT (Center Line Thrust) Light Aircraft

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